|
Hypothesis |
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| Animal models in toxicology and disease research. |
Correct use of animal models in areas such as basic research. |
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| Assumptions |
Usual plus animal models are predictive. |
Usual, e.g. there are universal laws. |
| Hypothesis |
X leads to Y. |
None or X leads to Y. |
| Animal test |
In an animal test, X led to Y. |
X leads to Y based on results in animals. |
| Hypothesis |
X leads to Y in humans. |
|
| Test |
Apply X in humans and see if it leads to Y or study populations where X was applied and ascertain result. |
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| Conclusion |
Since in animals X did/did not lead to Y, X will/will not lead to Y in humans also. |
Actual results from humans. |
Shanks et al. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 2009 4:2 doi:10.1186/1747-5341-4-2 |
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